a pinene benefits

Benefits Of Cannabis Terpene Pinene

• INTRODUCING PINENE. One of the most researched terpenes to date is known as pinene. ...
• TERPENES CAN ALTER YOUR HIGH. With this said, the presence of pinene in cannabis goes well beyond mere smell. ...
• PINENE HAS BIG MEDICAL POTENTIAL. For starters, α-pinene has been found to be an effective bronchodilator. ...

Full Answer

What is pinene and how does it affect your health?

As the name suggests, pinene is mostly found in pine trees, but as mentioned above, the list of plants with a high pinene content is very broad. In addition to adding refreshing aromas and flavors to the cannabis strains, pinene also contributes to our physical and emotional well-being. How? Continue reading to find out! What is Pinene?

What are the benefits of alpha pinene?

This terpene is mostly known for its calming effects. According to research, alpha-pinene influenced inflammation by decreasing activation of immune cells that add to inflammation in body tissues in mice. This means that it may help people with arthritis related to inflammation within joint cartilage.

How does pinene help with asthma?

This means that pinene helps to open airways and improve airflow in the respiratory system which can be of therapeutic value for people with respiratory ailments such as asthma.

What are the benefits of α-and β-pinene?

Moreover, α- and β-pinene have been found to have inhibitory effects on breast cancer and leukemia [8]. The application of pinenes goes beyond natural medicine; for instance, they have been proven to be very flexible in the synthesis of polymers [9,10,11,12]; polymers synthesized from pinenes are of better quality than other polymers [13].

What is the benefit of pinene?

These potential benefits range from simple anti-inflammatory properties to possibly stopping cancer growth. So it’s definitely worth looking into!

What is the health benefit of alpha pinene?

They’d scrape bark from coniferous trees, make a resin, and use this to treat people with congestion or parasitic infections. The Dutch would also use alpha pinene-containing juniper berries to make healing tonics.

What are the benefits of pinene terpenes?

If you’re looking for that special something to give your products a beneficial boost, look no further than the pinene terpenes! Between their powerful anti-inflammatory properties and their potential as a memory aid, these terpenes will help create unique aromas, flavors, and experiences that your customers will love.

What is the IC50 of alpha pinene?

Perhaps most compelling, however, is [alpha-pinene’s] activity as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor aiding memory ( Perryet al., 2000 ), with an observed IC50 of 0.44 mM ( Miyazawa and Yamafuji, 2005 ).

What is the entourage effect of alpha-pinenes?

The Perry study seems to suggest alpha-pinenes role with other terpenes (including Camphor, Geraniol, Beta-pinene, Limonene, Linalool, and terpineol) in the entourage effect may be the reason for its ability to protect short-term memory.

What is the difference between beta and alpha pinene?

The Difference between Alpha-Pinene and Beta-Pinene. Alpha-pinene is one of two types of pinene. Beta-pinene, a separate compound with a chemical composition that mirrors alpha-pinene, also occurs in nature. The chemical formula of beta-pinene contains the same individual chemical atoms, but its structure is an exact reflection of alpha-pinene.

Where does alpha pinene come from?

Alpha-pinene occurs in the essential oils derived from plants like rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), eucalyptus, and orange peel. But it’s most common in conifer trees like pine trees. No surprises here when you look at the name of this terp. It’s also unsurprising pure alpha-pinene is clear, colorless, and smells of pine trees.

What is the best anti-inflammatory for Alzheimer's?

Alpha-Pinene is best known for its anti-inflammatory properties as well as its ability to help with memory conditions and is typically found in olives, rosemary, sassafras and bergamot. Alpha-pinene has certain neuroprotective properties that many scientists are hopeful may have significant implications on the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease in the future. Scientists used animal models to learn that Alpha-Pinene may not just be beneficial in the fight against Alzheimer’s. It also had success with more general dementia and even conditions like amnesia, certain types of cognitive dysfunction and even overall memory loss.

Has Pinene ever been encountered?

You have likely encountered Pinene at some point without even realizing it!

Is pinene good for you?

All told, research has indicated that Pinene brings a wide range of potential benefits. For example, many essential oils that contain Pinene (lemon oil, cumin oil, peppermint oil – to name a few) are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. However, Pinene offers many potential benefits for curing diseases like Alzhemiers, dementia and cancer while also helping mitigate day-to-day conditions like depression.

Does pinene help with asthma?

If you suffer from any type of respiratory condition, like asthma, you’ll be pleased to note that Pinene offers a number of different respiratory benefits, too. One study tested the ability of both Alpha-Pinene and Beta-Pinene to fight the bronchitis virus in animals. It was quickly discovered that not only did Pinene inhibit viral activity in animal cells, but it did so in a way that helped the body fight off bronchitis for good. As a result, it was determined that Pinene is also a potential bronchodilator – something that can offer relief to those with asthma in particular.

What is -pinene?

α-Pinene is a productive chemical constituent that’s seen in various species of coniferous trees especially the Pine. It’s also seen in Rosemary as well. α-pinene is more commonly seen in European pines; it is one of the two isomers of pine and an organic compound seen in the terpene class.

What is alpha pinene used for?

Mixed with bees wax or animal fat, alpha-pinene was used as an antimicrobial ointment or an analgesic balm. In the 1600, the Dutch used Juniper berries to create an alcoholic tonic which is now commonly known as Gin. This was even used as a medical aid in the ancient times.

What is melaleuca used for?

The resins containing α-Pinene called melaleuca was also put to use in the Aborigine cultures of ancient Australia to treat open wounds and prevent further infection, and also to treat fungal infections of the feet as well.

Why was resin used in ancient times?

In ancient times, drops of the resin were collected from the bark of the trees to treat ailments. The resin collected was mixed with wine, milk or water to treat respiratory illnesses especially the ones that lead to congestion of the airway. The mixture was used as an expectorant to create relief.

Does -pinene cause inflammation?

Studies have proved that α-pinene exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in human Chondrocytes; keeping this in mind a study was carried out to establish an understanding on α-pinene and its anti-osteoarthritic activity.

Is -pinene an anti-inflammatory?

The results focused positive feedback on the effects of α-pinene as an anti-inflammatory, anti-catabolic and anti-osteoarthritic and should be studied further for its promising activity as an anti-osteoarthritic drug.

What is the antimicrobial property of pinene?

In a study done in 2007 published in the Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, scientists wanted to see how b-pinene and a-pinene inhibited the growth of potential infectious endocarditis causing bacteria.

Where is pinene found?

Over 100 terpenes exist in the cannabis plant but that isn’t the only place that they are found. Pinene, for example, it is found in rosemary, pine trees, and coniferous trees. There are two different versions of pinene, alpha-pinene, and beta-pinene.

Why do terpenes pair with cannabinoids?

Terpenes pair up alongside cannabinoids to change how each strain affects the brain. Terpenes and cannabinoids create varied effects as they react to the CB1 and CB2 receptors in our endocannabinoid system (ECS) within our brains.

Is pinene a terpene?

Although pinene has shown potential to be used as medical treatment, research is still limited. Pinene is a chemical compound found in the cannabis plant, known as a terpene. Over 100 terpenes exist in the cannabis plant but that isn’t the only place that they are found.

Does pinene help with memory?

Pinene and Memory. Because of Pinenes antioxidant properties, scientists from the Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine tested pinene’s ability to fight the onset of Alzheimer’s Disease.

Can plants use pinene?

Since pinene is a naturally occurring compound, plants already use pinene to stunt the growth of certain unwanted bacteria. However, the results of the above studies suggest that we may be able to use the antimicrobial effects of a-pinene for the treatment of medical conditions or use in everyday products.

Which compound is the most effective at inhibiting the inflammatory and catabolic pathways?

Out of all the compounds that were tested, it was found that a-pinene was the most effective at inhibiting the inflammatory and catabolic pathways. The study concluded that “….α-pinene (1) being the most promising for further studies to determine its potential value as an antiosteoarthritic drug.”. iStock / Kkolosov.

How to reap the benefits of pinene?

One particularly enjoyable way to reap the benefits from pinene is to practice “forest breathing,” a popular Japanese activity known as shinrin-yoku. It is also one of the main activities of German complementary medicine.

Where does pinene come from?

If you’re familiar with the aroma of a Christmas tree, then you know exactly how pinene smells. As the name suggests, pinene is mostly found in pine trees, but as mentioned above, the list of plants with a high pinene content is very broad.

What is the entourage effect of terpenes?

Terpenes such as pinene play an important role in determining the therapeutic effects of different cannabis strains. They can enhance the positive effects of cannabinoids and reduce the incidence of experiencing adverse reactions. This synergistic interaction is known as “the entourage effect” and explains why whole flowers and full-spectrum extracts are considered superior to isolated compounds in the cannabis space.

What herbs are good for respiratory tonics?

Herbs that are rich in pinene are often added to respiratory tonics.

Why are terpenes psychoactive?

For that reason, we say that terpenes and other cannabinoids are psychoactive — because they indirectly affect your mood and behavior — but they aren’t intoxicating.

Is pinene toxic to bacteria?

In a 2012 study posted by the journal Molecules, the research team investigated the effects of pinene on various bacterial cultures. They found that pinene was toxic to Candida albicans, which trigger yeast infections ( 3 ).

Is pinene a terpene?

Similar to other terpenes, pinene has a range of potential benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective effects.

What is terpene used for?

This terpene s commonly used in insecticides and as a flavoring agent because of its fresh earthy scent. An interesting and unusual use of this terpene is as a biofuel in spark-ignition engines. That’s because pinene dimers (a structure containing two identical or similar units) have heating values comparable to jet fuel.

What is the best terpene for hemp?

Alpha-pinene is the predominant type of pinene in hemp and the one that offers more therapeutic benefits. This terpene acts like a potential anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial agent.

What is hemp terpene?

A primary hemp terpene with a fragrance of a pine tree. Present in two forms: alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, this terpene is also one of the most abundant in nature. Researchers are investigating the potential benefits of this terpene in inflammation and respiratory conditions.

Does pinene help with asthma?

Researchers found that both types of pinene inhibited the cells’ viral activity, making it a potential aid against bronchitis. The study also revealed this ter pene’s ability to offer relief to people with asthma by acting as a bronchodilator. This means that it has the potential to relax the muscle bands that tighten around the airways — letting more air come in and out of the lungs.

Does terpene help with UV damage?

Another 2018 study published in Life Sciences revealed that this terpene prevents skin damage caused by UV light. This means that its anti-inflammatory effects could make this component an effective ingredient in sunscreen.

Is terpene good for Alzheimer's?

In animal models of Alzheimer’s disease, scientists investigated this terpene’s potential in fighting this neurological disorder. One 2017 study published in the journal Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that this terpene may be beneficial against Alzheimer’s and similar disorder s like dementia, amnesia, and overall memory loss.

Does forest bathing lower blood pressure?

The 2017 review revealed that forest bathing does affect the body positively by lowering blood pressure and pulse rates. It also has the potential to lower stress and improve overall health. Although more research is needed, pinene along other terpenes may indirectly affect stress and anxiety.

What is the use of alpha pinene?

Pinene is the main component in many essential oils, and it is used in the production of perfumes and deodorants. It is used in aromatherapy and cosmetics, as it can be found in the oils of rosemary, orange peel, tea tree, and eucalyptus. Another widespread use is household cleaning solvents such as turpentine.

How much alpha pinene is bioavailable?

Alpha-pinene is bioavailable with a reported range between 54-76% following inhalation with quick metabolism and redistribution . This means that the effects of the compound will be experienced quickly after inhalation. [2]

What is the highest terpene level in a pinene strain?

This strain not only offers high resin content but strong terpene levels. With a-pinene present in the highest level of .06%, this strain successfully combines high levels of cannabinoids and other terpenes such as b-myrcene with 0.34%. The benefits? This strain is great for pain relief and inflammation.

Why is cannabis the most effective?

Research shows that cannabis is the most effective when terpenes and cannabinoids work together—also known as synergy among compounds or the “entourage effect.”. The reason why different cannabis strains produce different effects is because of their terpene profiles.

What is the name of the plant that contains alpha pinene?

Alpha-pinene is part of a broad family of chemical compounds naturally found in plants called terpenes. Aside from pine trees, other natural sources of pinene are rosemary, eucalyptus, sage, and frankincense. Terpenes give different cannabis strains their distinctive odors and flavors.

How many rings does pinene have?

Alpha-pinene contains two ring systems, a six and a four-membered ring. Pinene has two isomers both commonly found in nature. The 1S, 5S variant is more common in European pines, while the 1R, 5R isomer is more common in North America’s pines. [1] Pinene is a clear colorless liquid.

What are the factors that influence the terpenes in cannabis?

Many factors such as weather, climate, and soil can influence the development of terpenes in the cannabis plant.

What is Alpha Pinene?

Alpha-pinene (Fig. 3) is an organic compound of the polyphenolic group terpene. It is a component of many aromatic dietary plants, such as mint, holy basil, amphor, bupleurum, and psidium ( Miguel, 2010; Zhou et al., 2004 ). As a potent antioxidant, it inhibits prostaglandin E1 and NF-κB thereby contributing to reported anti-inflammatory ...

Where is -pinene found?

52 (+)-α-Pinene ( 130) occurs in the oil of Pinus palustris Mill. at concentrations of up to 65% and in the oil of Pinus caribaea at concentrations of 70%. 41 On the other hand, P, caribaea contains (−)-α-pinene ( 130′) at concentrations of 70–80%. 41

What is the degradation of (+)--pinene?

The degradation of (+)-α-pinene ( 130) by a soil Pseudomonas sp. (PL strain) was investigated by Hungund et al.85 A terminal oxidation pattern was proposed , leading to the formation of organic acids through ring cleavage. The fermentation of (+)-α-pinene ( 130) was carried out in shake cultures using a soil Pseudomonas sp. (PL strain) that is able to grow on (+)-α-pinene ( 130) as the sole carbon source and the products obtained were borneol ( 332 ), myrtenol ( 333 ), myrtenic acid ( 334 ), and α-phellandric acid ( 142) ( Scheme 148 ). 198

Does pinene increase motility?

Pinene increased mouse motility after inhalation 13.77% ( Buchbauer et al., 1993 ). Its greatest therapeutic value may derive from its acetylcholinesterase inhibition ( Perry, Houghton, Theobald, Jenner, & Perry, 2000 ), producing an IC 50 of 0.44 mM ( Miyazawa & Yamafuji, 2005 ), which serves to reduce or eliminate one of the primary adverse events associated with THC, that of short-term memory impairment. This ability may also serve admirably in treatment of dementia, a syndrome in which THC has already produced benefits in counteracting agitation ( Russo, Guy, & Robson, 2007; Volicer, Stelly, Morris, McLaughlin, & Volicer, 1997 ).

Does -pinene increase tyrosine hydroxylase?

Inhalation of α-pinene in mice at 10 μL/L concentration produced an anxiolytic effect in the elevated plus maze, with general brain distribution and increase in tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA in the midbrain ( Kasuya et al., 2015 ). In chronic inhalation over 5 days, anxiolytic effects were maintained ( Satou, Kasuya, Maeda, & Koike, 2014 ).

Is -pinene a terpene?

α-Pinene, a bicycli c monoterpene, is the most widely distributed terpenoid in Nature ( Noma & Asakawa, 2010 ), but this versatile therapeutic agent is unfortunately represented in lower concentration in modern cannabis chemovars, although it is reportedly relatively abundant in the “Blue Dream” chemovar in Southern California ( Backes, 2014 ). It has high bioavailability via inhalation (60%) with rapid metabolism and redistribution ( Falk et al., 1990 ).

Does pinene affect melanoma?

Chronic pinene exposure led to decreased melanoma growth in mice at 180 ng/L (1 ppm) in ambient air, a dose too low to directly affect tumor ( Kusuhara et al., 2012 ). This mental health-promoting effect attributed here to pinene exposure, is known in Japan as “Shinrin-yoku” or “forest bathing.” In contrast, a direct synergistic and isobolographic benefit was observed with α-pinene in combination with paclitaxel vs nonsmall-cell A549 lung carcinoma cells with evidence of apoptosis ( Zhang et al., 2015 ). α-Pinene inhibited BEL-7402 human hepatoma cell growth 79.3%, both time and dose dependently over 3 days at 8 mg/L concentration ( Chen et al., 2015 ), causing cycle arrest in G2/M phase, a decrease in tumor xenografts vs control ( P < 0.01), and equivalent to that from 5-flurouracil, an increase in Chk1 and -2 expression, indicative of DNA damage leading to cell death.

What are the effects of -pinene?

This article aims to summarize the most prominent effects of α- and β-pinene, namely their cytogenetic, gastroprotective, anxiolytic, cytoprotective, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective effects, as well as their effects against H2O2-stimulated oxidative stress, pancreatitis, stress-stimulated hyperthermia, and pulpal pain. Finally, we will also discuss the bioavailability, administration, as well as their biological activity and clinical applications.

What are pinenes used for?

These two phytochemicals exhibit diverse biological activities, leading them to various applications and uses, such as fungicidal agents, flavors, fragrances, and antiviral and antimicrobial agents [5]. In addition, α- and β-pinene are components of renal and hepatic drugs [6]. Also, α- and β-pinene are used as antibacterials due to their toxic effects on membranes [7]. Moreover, α- and β-pinene have been found to have inhibitory effects on breast cancer and leukemia [8]. The application of pinenes goes beyond natural medicine; for instance, they have been proven to be very flexible in the synthesis of polymers [9,10,11,12]; polymers synthesized from pinenes are of better quality than other polymers [13]. The safety profile of pinenes is considered outstanding, allowing their use in various chemicals, and they are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) [14]. Thus, due to their physicochemical characteristics, it is challenging in the process of biotransformation, but are still used in the production of aroma compounds [15].

How many g of -pinene derivatives were extracted from aerial parts?

Two α-pinene derivatives were extracted from aerial parts (10 g). Thrombin time and platelet aggregation methods were used to establish the anticoagulative properties in vitro

Where is -pinene extracted from?

α-pinene was extracted from ripped fruits and injected into infected mice. Selected cells were cultured and maintained in culture medium

Is -pinene a PGP substrate?

α-pinene is not a PgP substrate

Is -pinene cytotoxic?

Up to 20 µL, α-pinene was not cytotoxic. α-pinene reduced nitrite oxide, and IL-6 and TNF-α formation, in macrophages of rats. MAPK/NF-kB pathway activation plays an essential role in inflammatory activities. α-pinene exhibited inhibitory activity on NF-kB activation

Is pinene a monoterpene?

α- and β-pinene are two isomers (Figure 1) found in nature, e.g., in pine (coniferous trees) essential oils (EOs). They are among the best-known representativ es of a broad family of monoterpenes. α- and β-pinene enantiomers are different in their interactions with polarized light, and their mirror image does not overlap. Both structural isomers have two enantiomers (+) and (−). This difference yields four active isomers [2]. α-pinene is a colorless, water-insoluble but oil- and ethanol-soluble organic liquid. Its boiling point is 155 °C. α-pinene has been detected in at least 40 different EOs [2,3]. β-pinene is also a colorless organic liquid which is oil-soluble but ethanol- and water-insoluble. It has a boiling point ranging from 163–166 °C. It is obtained commercially by distillation or by α-pinene conversion [3]. It is also considered an essential intermediate in chilled dairy products, menthol, ionones, linalool, geraniol, citronellal, citral, citronellol, and candy production, but is mainly used in bakery products [2]. α- and β-pinene can be produced through biotransformation; some microorganisms, such as the fungi Aspergillusspp. and the bacteria Pseudomonasspp. have shown promising results in this regard. Pinenes have bicyclo [3.1.1] heptene or -heptane C-skeletons; thus, they take part in rearrangement and ring-opening reactions, producing different derivatives [4].

Antimicrobial Properties of Pinene

Anti-Inflammatory Properties

• In a study done by the Journal of Natural Products, scientists wanted to expand on previous studies that concluded that pinene had anti-inflammatory properties. Out of all the compounds that were tested, it was found that a-pinene was the most effective at inhibiting the inflammatory and catabolic pathways. The study concluded that “….α-pinene (1) ...

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