The Indian Removal Act
Indian Removal Act
The Indian Removal Act was signed into law on May 28, 1830, by United States President Andrew Jackson. The law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Native American tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for white settlement of their ancestral lands. The act has been referred to as a unitary act of systematic genocide, because it discri…
Why did people say the Indian Removal Act is unfair?
Removal would save Indian people from the depredations of whites, and would resettle them in an area where they could govern themselves in peace. But some Americans saw this as an excuse for a brutal and inhumane course of action, and protested loudly against removal. Their protests did not save the southeastern nations from removal, however.
Who benefited from the Indian Removal Act?
Reader view
- View of the White Americans. • Many died of exposure, malnutrition and other things. ...
- Conclusion
- Bibliography. Based on the facts provided we conclude that The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was not justified because both side were at a lost and gained little to nothing ...
Why did Americans support the Indian Removal Act?
Why Is Indian Removal Act Wrong
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What were the benefits of the Indian Removal Act?
The Pros And Cons Of The Indian Removal Act
- Indian Removal Act Pros And Cons. When the precious mineral gold was discovered in Indian Territory, the US government had a new perspective about the Native Americans.
- The Pros And Cons Of The Indian Removal Act. Natives tribes. ...
- Indian Removal Act Dbq. The Indian Removal Act was created on May 28, 1830, by president Jackson. ...
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How did the Indian Removal Act Impact America?
It freed more than 25 million acres of fertile, lucrative farmland to mostly white settlement in Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Arkansas.
How did Andrew Jackson benefit from the Indian Removal Act?
Jackson pushed the Indian Removal Act through Congress, and signed it into law once both Houses approved it in 1830. This law authorized the President to negotiate treaties with Indian tribes, and to buy their land east of the Mississippi River in exchange for western lands outside of US territory.
What were some economic effects of the Indian Removal Act?
Following removal, millions of acres of land became available to settlement. The southeast United States experienced an increase in population and the expansion of slavery. This resulted in an increase in cotton production and economic growth in the south.
How did Andrew Jackson impact the United States?
Jackson was elected the seventh president of the United States in 1828. Known as the "people's president," Jackson destroyed the Second Bank of the United States, founded the Democratic Party, supported individual liberty and instituted policies that resulted in the forced migration of Native Americans.
When was the Indian Removal Act passed?
May 28, 1830 CE: Indian Removal Act. On March 28, 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, beginning the forced relocation of thousands of Native Americans in what became known as the Trail of Tears. Not all members of Congress supported the Indian Removal Act.
Who opposed the Indian Removal Act?
Not all members of Congress supported the Indian Removal Act. Tennessee Rep. Davey Crockett was a vocal opponent, for instance. Native American s opposed removal from their ancestral lands, resulting in a long series of battles with local white settlers. But the forced relocation proved popular with voters.
How many Native Americans died on the Trail of Tears?
More than 46,000 Native Americans were forced—sometimes by the U.S. military —to abandon their homes and relocate to “Indian Territory” that eventually became the state of Oklahoma. More than 4,000 died on the journey—of disease, starvation, and exposure to extreme weather . Today, the Trail of Tears is a National Historic Trail stretching ...
When was the Indian Removal Act signed?
Indian Removal Act summary: After demanding both political and military action on removing Native American Indians from the southern states of America in 1829, President Andrew Jackson signed this into law on May 28, 1830. Although it only gave the right ...
What was the chief's decision to leave the presidency?
Dejected, the chief left the president with the melancholy conviction that he had been told the truth. From that moment, he was convinced that the only alternative to save his people from moral and physical death, was to make the best terms they could with the government and move out of the limits of the states.
When did Jackson sign the Treaty of New Echota?
Jackson added his signature on May 23, 1836 , and proclaimed the Treaty of New Echota in force. And they had two years—that is until May 23, 1838—to cross over the Mississippi and take up their new residence in the Indian Territory. But every day of that two-year period John Ross fought the inevitable.
What did Jackson do to Georgia?
The last thing Jackson needed was a confrontation with another state, so he quietly nudged Georgia into obeying the court order and freeing Butler and Worcester.
What were the Indian tribes in Oklahoma?
The Indian Nations themselves were force to move and ended up in Oklahoma. The five major tribes affected were the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole.
Why were missionaries arrested in Georgia?
Eleven such missionaries were arrested for violating the recent statute, nine of whom accepted pardons from the governor in return for a promise that they would cease violating Georgia law.
Who was the governor of Georgia when the Cherokees were removed?
A number of well-placed officials in both the state and national governments lent a hand and the governor, Wilson Lumpkin, released the two men on January 14, 1833. With the annoying problem of the two missionaries out of the way, both Georgia and Jackson continued to lean on the Cherokees to get them removed.
What is the Indian removal policy?
v. t. e. Indian removal is the former United States government policy of forced displacement of self-governing tribes of Native Americans from their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River – specifically, to a designated Indian Territory (roughly, ...
When did Jackson sign the Indian Removal Act?
Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law on May 30, 1830.
What tribes were resettled in the new Indian Territory?
The Five Civilized Tribes were resettled in the new Indian Territory. The Cherokee occupied the northeast corner of the territory and a 70-mile-wide (110 km) strip of land in Kansas on its border with the territory. Some indigenous nations resisted the forced migration more strongly. The few who stayed behind eventually formed tribal groups, including the Eastern Band of Cherokee (based in North Carolina), the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, the Seminole Tribe of Florida, and the Creeks in Alabama (including the Poarch Band ).
What was the Seminole War?
The Seminole refused to leave their Florida lands in 1835, leading to the Second Seminole War. Osceola was a Seminole leader of the people's fight against removal. Based in the Everglades, Osceola and his band used surprise attacks to defeat the U.S. Army in a number of battles. In 1837, Osceola was duplicitously captured by order of U.S. General Thomas Jesup when Osceola came under a flag of truce to negotiate peace near Fort Peyton. Osceola died in prison of illness; the war resulted in over 1,500 U.S. deaths, and cost the government $20 million. Some Seminole traveled deeper into the Everglades, and others moved west. The removal continued, and a number of wars broke out over land.
What did Andrew Jackson do to the Indians?
When Andrew Jackson became president of the United States in 1829, his government took a hard line on Indian removal; Jackson abandoned his predecessors' policy of treating Indian tribes as separate nations, aggressively pursuing all Indians east of the Mississippi who claimed constitutional sovereignty and independence from state laws. They were to be removed to reservations in Indian Territory, west of the Mississippi (present-day Oklahoma ), where they could exist without state interference. At Jackson's request, Congress began a debate on an Indian-removal bill. After fierce disagreement, the Senate passed the bill by a 28–19 vote; the House had narrowly passed it, 102–97. Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law on May 30, 1830.
What was Thomas Jefferson's goal as President?
He wanted to assure that the Native nations (not foreign nations) were tightly bound to the new United States, as he considered the security of the it to be paramount.
What did Thomas Jefferson do to help Native Americans?
In his Notes on the State of Virginia (1785), Thomas Jefferson defended Native American culture and marvelled at how the tribes of Virginia "never submitted themselves to any laws, any coercive power, any shadow of government" due to their "moral sense of right and wrong". He wrote to the Marquis de Chastellux later that year, "I believe the Indian then to be in body and mind equal to the whiteman". Jefferson's desire, as interpreted by Francis Paul Prucha, was for Native Americans to intermix with European Americans and become one people. To achieve that end as president, Jefferson offered U.S. citizenship to some Indian nations and proposed offering them credit to facilitate trade.
What was the purpose of the Indian Removal Act?
The Americans were focused on territorial expansion. With the election of President Andrew Jackson in 1828, the adoption of Indian westward removal as official federal policy became an inevitability. Implementing the Indian Removal Act (1830) became one of the highest priorities of Jackson, a frontiersman from Tennessee ...
What did the American expansion turn to?
American Expansion Turns to Official Indian Removal. By Doug Kiel, University of Pennsylvania. Euro-Americans were more interested in settled agriculture in the Old Northwest than they were in sustaining the fur trade that had characterized the region for more than a century. Americans aggressively pushed Indians to become virtually ...
What states were divided when faced with removal and land cession pressures?
Native communities were often sharply divided when faced with such removal and land cession pressures. In Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, nearly the entire Ojibwe homeland—except for a handful of small reservations—had been taken through a series of treaties by 1867. Last updated: August 14, 2017.
What was the result of the Cherokee Trail of Tears?
The haunting stories of the forced removal of tens of thousands of Indians from their homelands—such as the Cherokee Trail of Tears—were in many ways a direct result of the War of 1812’s outcome and the power shifts in North America.
What was the purpose of the Indian Removal Act of 1812?
The Indians Removal Act of 1812 was passed of the intent to trade goods and land for the land the Indians currently had. Unfortunately Andrew Jackson did not do that and forced the Indians of their property.
Why was the Indian Removal Act of 1830 not justified?
Based on the facts provided we conclude that The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was not justified because both side were at a lost and gained little to nothing at the end.
